{"id":56496,"date":"2018-07-27T12:49:00","date_gmt":"2018-07-27T10:49:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ewl.com.pl\/?p=56496"},"modified":"2022-05-20T12:53:58","modified_gmt":"2022-05-20T10:53:58","slug":"migraceonline-polske-odborove-svazy-a-zahranicni-zamestnanci-je-potreba-spolupracovat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ewl.com.pl\/cs\/migraceonline-polske-odborove-svazy-a-zahranicni-zamestnanci-je-potreba-spolupracovat\/","title":{"rendered":"MigraceOnline: Polsk\u00e9 odborov\u00e9 svazy a zahrani\u010dn\u00ed zam\u011bstnanci: je pot\u0159eba spolupracovat"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Pol\u0161t\u00ed odbor\u00e1\u0159i ji\u017e zaznamenali p\u0159\u00edtomnost v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho po\u010dtu zahrani\u010dn\u00edch pracovnic a pracovn\u00edk\u016f v zemi a jsou p\u0159ipraveni jim pomoci. Z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 ale n\u011bkolik probl\u00e9m\u016f: migranti pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed \u010dast\u011bji pouze pr\u00e1vn\u00ed konzultace ne\u017e intervence odbor\u016f, v\u011bt\u0161ina z nich toti\u017e pracuje v Polsku sez\u00f3nn\u011b, a tak se mnohdy nedo\u010dkaj\u00ed d\u016fsledk\u016f odborov\u00e9 intervence.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V posledn\u00edch letech za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 polsk\u00fd trh pr\u00e1ce neb\u00fdval\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst po\u010dtu zahrani\u010dn\u00edch zam\u011bstnanc\u016f. Nejrychleji na tuto zm\u011bnu reaguj\u00ed poskytovatel\u00e9 komer\u010dn\u00edch slu\u017eeb: krom\u011b pracovn\u00edch inzer\u00e1t\u016f pro migruj\u00edc\u00ed pracovn\u00edky se m\u016f\u017eete \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l \u010dast\u011bji setkat s reklamami nab\u00edzej\u00edc\u00edmi bankovn\u00ed, telekomunika\u010dn\u00ed a zdravotnick\u00e9 slu\u017eby v ciz\u00edch jazyc\u00edch. St\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1va doh\u00e1n\u00ed resty \u2013 v b\u0159eznu 2018 p\u0159edstavilo Ministerstvo pro investice a rozvoj nov\u00e9 priority v oblasti migra\u010dn\u00ed politiky, v nich\u017e zd\u016fraz\u0148uje v\u00fdznam dlouhodob\u00e9 migrace, a to nejen ze sousedn\u00edch zem\u00ed sm\u011brem na v\u00fdchod. Je tedy na m\u00edst\u011b se pt\u00e1t, jak polsk\u00e9 odborov\u00e9 organizace reaguj\u00ed na n\u00e1r\u016fst po\u010dtu migrant\u016f. Cht\u011bj\u00ed br\u00e1nit domorod\u00e9 pracovn\u00edky za ka\u017edou cenu, nebo se rozhodnou pro otev\u0159enost a integraci?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud v roce 2013 vyd\u00e1valy polsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 40 tis\u00edc pracovn\u00edch povolen\u00ed a 232 tis\u00edc deklarac\u00ed o z\u00e1m\u011bru sv\u011b\u0159it pr\u00e1ci cizinc\u016fm (zjednodu\u0161en\u00e1 procedura dovoluj\u00edc\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed nanejv\u00fd\u0161 do p\u016fl roku ob\u010dan\u016fm Ukrajiny, B\u011bloruska, Gruzie, Moldavska a Ruska), pak v roce 2017 to bylo ji\u017e 235 tis\u00edc povolen\u00ed a v\u00edce ne\u017e 1,8 milionu deklarac\u00ed. P\u0159esto\u017ee tyto \u00fadaje p\u0159\u00edmo neodr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed po\u010det migrant\u016f, ukazuj\u00ed v\u0161ak, jak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 m\u00edsto cizinci zaujali na pracovn\u00edm trhu v Polsku. P\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina dokument\u016f byla vyd\u00e1na ukrajinsk\u00fdm ob\u010dan\u016fm. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je historie pracovn\u00ed migrace do Polska v\u011bt\u0161inou histori\u00ed Ukrajinc\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V Polsku je 16 % zam\u011bstnanc\u016f \u010dleny odbor\u016f. Nen\u00ed to velk\u00fd ukazatel ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi z\u00e1padn\u00edmi zem\u011bmi. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b nelze opomenout vliv odbor\u016f na vztahy mezi st\u00e1tem, podnikateli a zam\u011bstnanci. Cizinci maj\u00ed stejn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo na \u010dlenstv\u00ed a pomoc odbor\u016f jako dom\u00e1c\u00ed pracovn\u00edci. Proto nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z nich ji\u017e p\u0159ipravil nab\u00eddku pro Ukrajince.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eSituace ukrajinsk\u00fdch d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f v Polsku se podob\u00e1 situaci Pol\u00e1k\u016f ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii a Irsku od roku 2004,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Piotr Ostrowski z OPZZ, nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed polsk\u00e9 odborov\u00e9 organizace, sdru\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed 86 n\u00e1rodn\u00edch federac\u00ed a n\u011bkolik stovek individu\u00e1ln\u00edch odbor\u016f. \u201ePo vstupu do EU se po\u010det Pol\u00e1k\u016f na ostrovech rapidn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161il a m\u00edstn\u00ed odbory se jim otev\u0159ely. GMB nebo UNISON vytvo\u0159ily samostatn\u00e9 posty pro Pol\u00e1ky, kte\u0159\u00ed pracovali s nov\u011b p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00edmi. My v OPZZ jsme se rozhodli n\u00e1sledovat jejich cestu,\u201c<\/em> dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Ostrowski.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V roce 2016 iniciovalo OPZZ zalo\u017een\u00ed odborov\u00e9 organizace Ukrajinc\u016f v Polsku. Jedn\u00e1 se o samostatnou pr\u00e1vnickou osobu, i kdy\u017e m\u00e1 kancel\u00e1\u0159 v s\u00eddle OPZZ ve Var\u0161av\u011b. Ukrajinci jsou nav\u00edc zastoupeni v \u010dlensk\u00fdch struktur\u00e1ch odbor\u016f, by\u0165 Ostrowski nemohl p\u0159esn\u011b uv\u00e9st jejich po\u010det. \u201eStejn\u011b jako Pol\u00e1ci plat\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek 10 zlot\u00fdch m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b (60 K\u010d) a na opl\u00e1tku se mohou spol\u00e9hat na na\u0161i pomoc ji\u017e od prvn\u00edho m\u011bs\u00edce. To n\u00e1s odli\u0161uje od z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evropy, kde zam\u011bstnanec zpravidla mus\u00ed platit p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky po dobu alespo\u0148 p\u016fl roku, aby mohl po\u010d\u00edtat s pomoc\u00ed svazu,\u201c <\/em>\u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Ostrowski.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed roku 2017 p\u0159ijala Rada OPZZ ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed stanovisko k migra\u010dn\u00ed politice. Zd\u016fraznila v n\u011bm pot\u0159ebu vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed mezd pro polsk\u00e9 a zahrani\u010dn\u00ed zam\u011bstnance se stejnou kvalifikac\u00ed a tak\u00e9 navrhla zaveden\u00ed kolektivn\u00edch pracovn\u00edch smluv v odv\u011btv\u00edch, kde jsou cizinci nejv\u00edce zastoupeni. Krom\u011b toho odbory zd\u016fraznily, \u017ee migra\u010dn\u00ed politika nem\u016f\u017ee existovat bez integra\u010dn\u00ed politiky zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na zam\u011bstnance i jejich rodinn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u016fle\u017eitost spolupr\u00e1ce se zahrani\u010dn\u00edmi pracovn\u00edky vn\u00edm\u00e1 tak\u00e9 Iniciativa zam\u011bstnanc\u016f (Inicjatywa Pracownicza) \u2013 samospr\u00e1vn\u00e1 odborov\u00e1 organizace, kter\u00e1 se vyh\u00fdb\u00e1 klasick\u00e9 odborov\u00e9 byrokracii a je otev\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u016f\u010di v\u0161em profes\u00edm s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi flexibiln\u00edmi typy smluv. Ignacy J\u00f3\u017awiak z IP \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee oslovov\u00e1n\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00edch pracovnic a pracovn\u00edk\u016f za\u010dalo p\u0159ed t\u0159emi lety. Ve sv\u00fdch aktivit\u00e1ch \u010derpaj\u00ed ze zku\u0161enost\u00ed z It\u00e1lie a N\u011bmecka.  \u201eMigranti v Polsku pracuj\u00ed ve \u0161patn\u011b odborov\u011b organizovan\u00fdch sektorech \u2013 hotelnictv\u00ed, pohostinstv\u00ed, pr\u00e1ce v dom\u00e1cnosti a k tomu jsou \u010dasto zam\u011bstn\u00e1ni mimo klasick\u00fd pracovn\u00ed pom\u011br, tak\u017ee jsou p\u0159irozen\u011b na\u0161\u00ed c\u00edlovou skupinou. Prozat\u00edm jsme sice nevytvo\u0159ili samostatnou komisi pro Ukrajince, ale p\u0159elo\u017eili jsme z\u00e1kladn\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly, vyrobili jsme let\u00e1ky s pracovn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00edm minimem,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje J\u00f3\u017awiak. Zmi\u0148uje se tak\u00e9 o \u010dty\u0159ech situac\u00edch, kdy se na n\u011b s \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed o pomoc obr\u00e1tili pracovn\u00edci z Ukrajiny. \u201eByly to p\u0159\u00edpady v Poznani, Gda\u0148sku a Bydho\u0161ti, t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se jak nevyplacen\u00fdch mezd, tak i zm\u011bn pracovn\u00edch podm\u00ednek, kter\u00e9 nebyly v souladu se smlouvou. Bohu\u017eel, pouze v jednom p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jsme byli \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00ed. V ostatn\u00edch kauz\u00e1ch byla p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 kr\u00e1tk\u00e1 doba pobytu cizinc\u016f.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oba odbor\u00e1\u0159i p\u0159izn\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 vytvo\u0159it klasickou odborovou organizaci pro Ukrajince pr\u00e1v\u011b kv\u016fli vysok\u00e9 fluktuaci pracovn\u00edho trhu a omezen\u00e9 dob\u011b pobytu, co\u017e zt\u011b\u017euje mo\u017enosti intervence svazu. Jak ukazuj\u00ed pr\u016fzkumy ukrajinsk\u00e9 agentury Ranking, v\u00edce ne\u017e polovina Ukrajinc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159\u00ed do Polska za prac\u00ed, z\u016fstane v zemi maxim\u00e1ln\u011b t\u0159i m\u011bs\u00edce. Cht\u011bj\u00ed si vyd\u011blat co nejv\u00edce v kr\u00e1tk\u00e9m \u010dasov\u00e9m \u00faseku. Proto pokud za n\u011bco bojuj\u00ed, tak p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm za vyplacen\u00ed pen\u011bz ne\u017e za lep\u0161\u00ed pracovn\u00ed podm\u00ednky nebo spravedliv\u00e9 zach\u00e1zen\u00ed. Dokonce se st\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee jim vypr\u0161\u00ed v\u00edzum nebo pracovn\u00ed povolen\u00ed rychleji, ne\u017e stihnou odbory \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b zareagovat proti poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed jejich pr\u00e1v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuto diagn\u00f3zu potvrzuje i Andrzej Miko\u0142ajewski z firmy Dobr\u00e1 agentura (Dobra Agencja).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eNab\u00eddka odbor\u00e1\u0159\u016f se z\u0159\u00eddkakdy dostane k polsk\u00fdm pracovn\u00edk\u016fm, o zahrani\u010dn\u00edch ani nemluv\u011b. J\u00e1 s\u00e1m, kdy\u017e jsem jel do Nizozemska nebo Norska na p\u0159iv\u00fdd\u011blek, jsem ani nepomyslel na to, \u017ee bych mohl hledat podporu v odborech.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Druhou p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou na cest\u011b k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce mezi polsk\u00fdmi svazy a ukrajinsk\u00fdmi migranty je skute\u010dnost, \u017ee Ukrajinci se na n\u011b obrac\u00ed prim\u00e1rn\u011b za \u00fa\u010delem pr\u00e1vn\u00edho poradenstv\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161ina telefon\u00e1t\u016f od zahrani\u010dn\u00edch zam\u011bstnanc\u016f se t\u00fdk\u00e1 legality pobytu a zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed. D\u016fvod je z\u0159ejm\u00fd: krajsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady zru\u0161ily informa\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159ep\u00e1\u017eky, nevl\u00e1dn\u00ed organizace trp\u00ed nedostatkem financov\u00e1n\u00ed a poplatek za slu\u017eby soukrom\u00fdm pr\u00e1vn\u00edk\u016fm p\u0159esahuje minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mzdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Existuje je\u0161t\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fvod, pro\u010d jsou migruj\u00edc\u00ed pracovn\u00edci k odbor\u016fm vla\u017en\u00ed. Andrzej Korku\u015b, \u0159editel pracovn\u00ed agentury EWL Group, se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee c\u00edle cizinc\u016f se od c\u00edl\u016f m\u00edstn\u00edch zam\u011bstnanc\u016f \u010dasto li\u0161\u00ed. \u201eCizinci v\u011bt\u0161inou do Polska p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed kr\u00e1tkodob\u011b a cht\u011bj\u00ed vyd\u011blat co nejv\u00edce. Chcete-li vyd\u011blat co nejv\u00edce, pracujete v\u00edc hodin, uzav\u00edr\u00e1te flexibiln\u00ed smlouvy na z\u00e1klad\u011b ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kon\u00edku. Zam\u011bstnavatel\u00e9 jsou tak\u00e9 ochotni nab\u00eddnout zahrani\u010dn\u00edm zam\u011bstnanc\u016fm v\u00edcehodinov\u00e9 sm\u011bny.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podle Piotra Ostrowsk\u00e9ho pro intenzivn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci bude je\u0161t\u011b prostor: \u201eJe norm\u00e1ln\u00ed, \u017ee si Ukrajinci pomalu zvykaj\u00ed na novou realitu. Mezi Pol\u00e1ky ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii je zastoupen\u00ed v odborech tak\u00e9 ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b britsk\u00fdch a irsk\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f.\u201c <\/em>Ignacy J\u00f3\u017awiak v\u0161ak nazna\u010duje, \u017ee p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou jsou pracovn\u00ed agentury. \u201eProbl\u00e9m outsourcingu se t\u00fdk\u00e1 i polsk\u00fdch zam\u011bstnanc\u016f, proto\u017ee z dlouhodob\u00e9ho hlediska rozd\u011bluje pracovn\u00edky v jedn\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti na lep\u0161\u00ed a hor\u0161\u00ed. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b konfliktu mezi zam\u011bstnavatelem a zam\u011bstnanci se \u010dasto ukazuje, \u017ee pracovn\u00edci jsou zam\u011bstn\u00e1ni na stejn\u00fdch pozic\u00edch za r\u016fzn\u00fdch podm\u00ednek.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrzej Miko\u0142ajewski p\u0159\u00edmo\u010da\u0159e \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee mezi odbory a agenturami je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed konflikt hodnot a z\u00e1jm\u016f. \u201eZat\u00edmco svazy bojuj\u00ed za soci\u00e1ln\u00ed jistoty, pro agentury je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed zabezpe\u010den\u00ed jejich klient\u016f na \u00fakor pracovn\u00edk\u016f. Agentury jsou v Polsku placeny zam\u011bstnavateli, nikoli zam\u011bstnanci, a proto se staraj\u00ed o z\u00e1jmy t\u00e9 prvn\u00ed skupiny. \u0160\u00e9fov\u00e9 firem jsou zaujat\u00ed proti odbor\u016fm \u2013 kdyby se dozv\u011bd\u011bli o rekrutov\u00e1n\u00ed agenturn\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f do odbor\u016f, nap\u0159. rozd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm let\u00e1k\u016f p\u0159ed budovou spole\u010dnosti, nejsp\u00ed\u0161 by smlouvu s agenturou ukon\u010dili.\u201c <\/em>Na druhou stranu Andrzej Korku\u015b dod\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee bez ohledu na rozd\u00edly v z\u00e1jmech existuj\u00ed oblasti, v nich\u017e by mohly odbory a agentury spolupracovat, nap\u0159\u00edklad vzd\u011bl\u00e1vat zam\u011bstnance o legalit\u011b zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina pr\u00e1ce je teprve p\u0159ed odbor\u00e1\u0159i. Pot\u0159eba asistence vzroste, kdy\u017e bude v Polsku po\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00e1 diaspora a v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det nesez\u00f3nn\u00edch zam\u011bstnanc\u016f. Av\u0161ak model spolupr\u00e1ce s cizinci stoj\u00ed zato vy\u0159e\u0161it u\u017e dnes \u2013 rostouc\u00ed ekonomika pot\u0159ebuje v\u00edce pracovn\u00edch rukou a pouh\u00e1 migrace ze sousedn\u00edch v\u00fdchodn\u00edch zem\u00ed nesta\u010d\u00ed. \u010c\u00edm d\u00e1l v\u00edc o pobytov\u00e9 a pracovn\u00ed povolen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1daj\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9 Indie, P\u00e1kist\u00e1nu a Nep\u00e1lu. Kdy\u017e je dostupnost pr\u00e1vn\u00ed pomoci n\u00edzk\u00e1 a integra\u010dn\u00ed politika st\u00e1tu pokulh\u00e1v\u00e1, jsou to pr\u00e1v\u011b odbory, kter\u00e9 se mohou st\u00e1t jednou z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch instituc\u00ed pro integraci cizinc\u016f do spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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MigraceOnline<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pol\u0161t\u00ed odbor\u00e1\u0159i ji\u017e zaznamenali p\u0159\u00edtomnost v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho po\u010dtu zahrani\u010dn\u00edch pracovnic a pracovn\u00edk\u016f v zemi a jsou p\u0159ipraveni jim pomoci. Z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 ale n\u011bkolik probl\u00e9m\u016f: migranti pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed \u010dast\u011bji pouze pr\u00e1vn\u00ed konzultace ne\u017e intervence odbor\u016f, v\u011bt\u0161ina z nich toti\u017e pracuje v Polsku sez\u00f3nn\u011b, a tak se mnohdy nedo\u010dkaj\u00ed d\u016fsledk\u016f odborov\u00e9 intervence. V posledn\u00edch letech za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 polsk\u00fd trh pr\u00e1ce neb\u00fdval\u00fd […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":54390,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[91],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-56496","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-novinky-cs"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMigraceOnline: Polsk\u00e9 odborov\u00e9 svazy a zahrani\u010dn\u00ed zam\u011bstnanci: je pot\u0159eba spolupracovat<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ewl.com.pl\/cs\/migraceonline-polske-odborove-svazy-a-zahranicni-zamestnanci-je-potreba-spolupracovat\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MigraceOnline: Polsk\u00e9 odborov\u00e9 svazy a zahrani\u010dn\u00ed zam\u011bstnanci: je pot\u0159eba spolupracovat\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pol\u0161t\u00ed odbor\u00e1\u0159i ji\u017e zaznamenali p\u0159\u00edtomnost v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho po\u010dtu zahrani\u010dn\u00edch pracovnic a pracovn\u00edk\u016f v zemi a jsou p\u0159ipraveni jim pomoci. 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